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IQ Scale
What does the IQ scale measure? What is
an average score? How high can an IQ be? Here are some answers
to these and other questions.
First of all, the concept of IQ was developed
by either the German psychologist and philosopher Wilhelm Stern
in 1912, or by Lewis Terman in 1916, depending on which sources
you consult. Intelligence testing was first done on a large scale
before either of these dates. In 1904 psychologist Alfred Binet
was commissioned by the French government to create a testing
system to differentiate intellectually normal children from those
who were inferior.
From Binet's work the IQ scale called the
"Binet Scale," (and later the "Simon-Binet Scale")
was developed. Sometime later, "intelligence quotient,"
or "IQ," entered our vocabulary. Lewis M. Terman revised
the Simon-Binet IQ Scale, and in 1916 published the Stanford
Revision of the Binet-Simon Scale of Intelligence (also known
as the Stanford-Binet). The following scale resulted for classifying
IQ scores:
IQ Scale
Over 140 - Genius or almost genius
120 - 140 - Very superior intelligence
110 - 119 - Superior intelligence
90 - 109 - Average or normal intelligence
80 - 89 - Dullness
70 - 79 - Borderline deficiency in intelligence
Under 70 - Feeble-mindedness
Normal Distribution of IQ Scores
50% of IQ scores fall between 90
and 110
70% of IQ scores fall between 85 and 115
95% of IQ scores fall between 70 and 130
99.5% of IQ scores fall between 60 and 140
Low IQ & Mental Retardation
An IQ under 70 is considered as "mental
retardation" or limited mental ability. 5% of the population
falls below 70 on IQ tests. The severity of the mental retardation
is commonly broken into 4 levels:
50-70 - Mild mental retardation
(85%)
35-50 - Moderate mental retardation (10%)
20-35 - Severe mental retardation (4%)
IQ < 20 - Profound mental retardation (1%)
High IQ & Genius IQ
Genius or near-genius IQ is considered
to start around 140 to 145. Less than 1/4 of 1 percent fall into
this category. Here are some common designations on the IQ scale:
115-124 - Above average
125-134 - Gifted
135-144 - Very gifted
145-164 - Genius
165-179 - High genius
180-200 - Highest genius
The Average On An IQ Scale
The scoring of an IQ test is not the same
for everyone, because age is used in determining a score. Intelligence
quotient is determined by the "intelligence age" (I
A) in relation to the chronological age of the person being tested.
IQ scales can differ from each other (Americans use scales with
IQ values above 200), but the mean value of most scales is an
IQ of 100. This represents normal intelligence.
Think you are smart? Well, if your IQ is
130, that puts you ahead of 98% of people. Of course that means
there are still 120 million people who are smarter than you (the
other 2%). Also, recent research shows that a person's level
of self-discipline is more predictive of success than their IQ
level. In other words, don't take too much meaning from your
score on an IQ scale.
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